ciało-człowieka: Animal sexual behaviour

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms, including within the same species. Common mating or reproductively motivated systems include monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygamy and promiscuity. Other sexual behaviour may be reproductively motivated (e.g. sex apparently due to duress or coercion and situational sexual behaviour) or non-reproductively motivated (e.g. homosexual sexual behaviour, bisexual sexual behaviour, cross-species sex, sexual arousal from objects or places, sex with dead animals, etc.). When animal sexual behaviour is reproductively motivated, it is often termed mating or copulation; for most non-human mammals, mating and copulation occur at oestrus (the most fer…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena, is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN due to its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. The species is, however, experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. Populations of Crocuta, usually considered a subspecies of Crocuta crocuta, known as cave hyenas, roamed across Eurasia for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest extant member of the Hyaenidae, and…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Various non-human animal species exhibit behavior that can be interpreted as homosexual or bisexual, often referred to as same-sex sexual behavior (SSSB) by scientists. This may include same-sex sexual activity, courtship, affection, pair bonding, and parenting among same-sex animal pairs. Various forms of this are found among a variety of vertebrate and arthropod taxonomic classes. The sexual behavior of non-human animals takes many different forms, even within the same species, though homosexual behavior is best known from social species. Scientists observe same-sex sexual behavior in animals in different degrees and forms among different species and clades. A 2019 paper states that it ha…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Testing for pre- and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.. Inbreeding depression poses a significant threat to fitness in many taxonomic groups. Studies have suggested that females may mate with multiple males to reduce inbreeding through post-copulatory discrimination against closely related males. Stored product pests are a group where inbreeding risk may arise frequently as small numbers colonies patchily distributed resources. We examined potential pre- and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneous using direct observation of breeding behaviour and subsequent scoring of offspring parentage using phenotypica…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Giraffes (genus Giraffa) are large African hoofed mammals. They are the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants on Earth. They are classified under the family Giraffidae, along with their closest extant relative, the okapi. Traditionally, giraffes have been thought of as one species, Giraffa camelopardalis, with nine subspecies. Most recently, researchers proposed dividing them into four extant species, with seven subspecies, which can be distinguished morphologically by their fur coat patterns. Six valid extinct species of Giraffa are known from the fossil record. The distinguishing characteristics of giraffes are their extremely long neck and legs, horn-like ossicones…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Multiple mating by females selects for males that stay: another hypothesis for social monogamy in passerine birds

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Mating experience induces females to avoid harmful males in the beetle Lasioderma serricorne

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Female dimorphism and mating behaviour in a damselfly, Ischnura ramburi: females mimicking males

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Sexual conflict in chacma baboons, Papio hamadryas ursinus: absent males select for proactive females

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Mating reduces responsiveness to sexual stimuli in females but not in males

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Strategies, costs and counter-strategies to sexual coercion.. Sexual conflict, the conflict between the evolutionary interests of females and males over mating, occasionally results in the evolution of traits favourable for one sex and adverse for the other. In this context, males can use sexual coercion to increase their mating success, at the expense of their female targets' mate choice. An increasing number of studies highlight a great diversity of male and female behaviours that serve as strategies and counter-strategies, respectively, to sexual coercion. Previous studies have reviewed the literature on infanticide but not the literature on forced copulation, sexual harassment, intimida…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

The complex swarming dynamics of malaria mosquitoes emerge from simple minimally-interactive behavioral rules.. Swarming is a widespread collective behavior in animals, often thought to emerge from complex interactions among individuals. Here, we show that mating swarms of malaria mosquitoes can emerge from simple behavioral rules with minimal interaction between individuals. We analyzed two published experimental datasets with three-dimensional flight tracks of Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes swarming in the lab under simulated sunset conditions and above a visual marker. We found that individuals alternate between straight flight and rapid turning maneuvers known as saccades. These saccades…