transport: Assured clear distance ahead

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

In legal terminology, the assured clear distance ahead (ACDA) is the distance ahead of any terrestrial locomotive device such as a land vehicle, typically an automobile, or watercraft, within which they should be able to bring the device to a halt. It is one of the most fundamental principles governing ordinary care and the duty of care for all methods of conveyance, and is frequently used to determine if a driver is in proper control and is a nearly universally implicit consideration in vehicular accident liability. The rule is a precautionary trivial burden required to avert the great probable gravity of precious life loss and momentous damage. Satisfying the ACDA rule is necessary but no…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 88

The Measurement Method of Distance from Vehicle Ahead Based on Infrared Technology. In this paper, the infrared signal is collected through the Cassegrain optical system, and then before exhaust thermistor detector is collected infrared signal into a voltage signal in the converted voltage signal corresponding processing, such as signal amplification, filtering and demodulation processing, the processed signal and system parameters in real-time control of the comparisons of the relative distance of the vehicle in front, followed by the MCU through the vehicle in front distance value judgments and to follow up the speed of vehicles, in order to achieve the use of infrared technology to detec…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 80

The assured clear distance ahead rule: Implications for nighttime traffic safety and the law

Evidence: 39 • authority: 80

Negligence: Breach of Duty: Assured Clear Distance Ahead Doctrine

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The death of Elaine Herzberg (August 2, 1968 – March 18, 2018) was the first recorded case of a pedestrian fatality involving a self-driving car, after a collision that occurred late in the evening of March 18, 2018. Herzberg was pushing a bicycle across a four-lane road in Tempe, Arizona, United States, when she was struck by an Uber test vehicle, which was operating in self-drive mode with a human safety backup driver sitting in the driving seat. Herzberg was taken to the local hospital where she died of her injuries. Following the fatal incident, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued a series of recommendations and sharply criticized Uber. The company suspended testing o…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Road traffic safety refers to the methods and measures, such as traffic calming, to prevent road users from being killed or seriously injured. Typical road users include pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, passengers of vehicles, and passengers of on-road public transport, mainly buses and trams. Best practices in modern road safety strategy: The basic strategy of a Safe System approach is to ensure that in the event of a crash, the impact energies remain below the threshold likely to produce either death or serious injury. This threshold will vary from crash scenario to crash scenario, depending upon the level of protection offered to the road users involved. For example, the chances of surv…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A robotaxi, also known as robot taxi, robo-taxi, self-driving taxi or driverless taxi, is an autonomous car (SAE automation level 4 or 5) operated for a ridesharing company. Consultancy firms predict that robotaxis operated in an autonomous mobility on demand (AMoD) service could be a large application of autonomous cars at scale, especially in urban areas. Market forecasts suggest they have a positive impact on congestion and parking over private cars, while some firms such as Kearney predict a negative impact due to induced demand. Studies on the impacts on road safety are mixed, with crash rates higher than humans in certain pilots. Robotaxis could also reduce urban pollution and energy…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and constraints. The basic objectives in geometric design are to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage. Geometric design also affects an emerging fifth objective called "livability", which is defined as designing roads to foster broader community goals, including providing access to employment, schools, businesses and residences, accommodate a range of travel modes such as walking, bicycling, transit, and automobiles, and minimizing fuel use, emissions and environmental damage. Geometric roadw…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag. The type of brake system in use only affects trucks and large mass vehicles, which cannot supply enough force to match the static frictional force. The braking distance is one of two principal components of the total stopping distance. The other component is the reaction distance, which is the product of the speed and the perception-reaction t…