Pies: A dog’s sense of smell is more than

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Not just avoidance: dogs show subtle individual differences in reacting to human fear chemosignals.. Recent olfactory studies suggest that human emotional chemosignals can alter dog behavior. However, their methods impeded a firm conclusion on whether dogs reacted to the scent directly or to the present human's unconscious response to the intraspecific stimulus. Moreover, whether these reactions differ between dogs has not yet been explored. Therefore, we investigated dogs' reactions to human fear or neutral chemosignals while shielding the present human from the smells. Dogs were first trained to approach a single empty target on command, before they were given the choice between two targe…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of wolves. Also called the domestic dog, it was selectively bred during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-gatherers. Dogs and the modern gray wolf share a common ancestor. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated over 14,000 years ago, before the development of agriculture, though genetic studies suggest the domestication process may have begun over 25,000 years ago. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids. Dogs have been bred for specific behaviors, sensory abilities, and physical traits. Dog breeds va…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Reliability, repeatability, and age associations of the dogSIT (dog Smell Interaction Test) battery in untrained companion dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).. Current olfactory tests for untrained dogs have limitations due to use of a single odorant, requirement for ambulation, and potential for vision interference. We hypothesized that our new dogSIT odorant test battery measures would be reliable, repeatable, and age-associated in untrained companion dogs. Gently restrained dogs were presented with 18 odorants (in 9 pairs, one pair was subsequently excluded from analysis); odorants were contained in identical stainless-steel tea-balls. Odorants were presented for 30s in a habituation-dishabit…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Characteristics of the Human Sense of Smell when Processing Odor Mixtures

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The bloodhound is a large scent hound, originally bred for hunting deer, wild boar, rabbits, and since the Middle Ages, for tracking people. Believed to be descended from hounds once kept at the Abbey of Saint-Hubert, Belgium, in French it is called le chien de Saint-Hubert. This breed is known for its ability to discern human scent over large distances and extended periods of time through its keen sense of smell and strong tracking instincts. Bloodhounds are used by police and law enforcement around the world to track fugitives, missing people, and lost pets.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Dog communication refers to the methods dogs use to transfer information to other dogs, animals, and humans. Dogs may exchange information vocally, visually, or through smell. Visual communication includes mouth shape and head position, licking and sniffing, ear and tail positioning, eye contact, facial expression, and body posture. Auditory communication can include barks, growls, howls, whines and whimpers, screams, pants and sighs. Dogs also communicate via gustatory communication, utilizing scent and pheromones. Humans can communicate with dogs through a wide variety of methods. Broadly, this includes vocalization, hand signals, body posture and touch. The two species also communicate v…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

eNose technologies in the detection of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Background In 2004, researchers in the United Kingdom were able to train six dogs to distinguish between urine samples from bladder cancer patients and healthy controls using smell, achieving a detection rate of 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23-58%), far above the 14% expected by chance. After numerous subsequent studies validated that the odor of breath and urine samples could be used by dogs to detect cancer, researchers pivoted to electronic noses (eNoses), sensor-based systems that mimic the sense of smell using arrays of chemical detectors. In this study, we review the potential efficacy of eNos…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. As it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Because of the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms and satisfying the rules of aromaticity and Hückel's rule, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline. It is used primarily as a precurso…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The dog sense of smell is the most powerful sense of this species, the olfactory system of canines being much more complex and developed than that of humans. It is believed to be up to 10 million times as sensitive as a human's in specialized breeds. Dogs have roughly forty times more smell-sensitive receptors than humans, ranging from about 125 million to nearly 300 million in some dog breeds, such as bloodhounds. These receptors are spread over an area about the size of a pocket handkerchief (compared to 5 million over an area the size of a postage stamp for humans). Dogs' sense of smell also includes the use of the vomeronasal organ, which is used primarily for social interactions. The d…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

The Human Sense of Smell: Are We Better Than We Think?

Evidence: — • authority: 72

highly developed sense of smell . Research shows they can smell human emotions. A strong canine- human bond is formed between the dog and the handler while

Evidence: — • authority: 38