inżynieria: Kardashev scale

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Kardashev scale (Russian: шкала Кардашёва, romanized: shkala Kardashova) is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is capable of harnessing and using. As both a proposed method of tracking civilizational progress and a way to evaluate potential alien civilizations, it occupies an intersection between futures studies and xenology. The measure was proposed by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev in 1964, forming the basis for a series of papers proposing ways to detect super civilizations and direct the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Kardashev's initial model was developed starting from a functional definition o…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 88

Optimal Energy and Resource Distribution in Kardashev Type III Civilizations. In 1964, Nikolai Kardashev introduced a method for quantifying advanced extraterrestrial civilizations based on their energy production into three levels, namely planetary (Type I), stellar (Type II), and galactic (Type III). Since then, multiple studies have proposed megastructures for producing the amounts of energy required to reach Type II and III levels. This empirical study presents a decision-making framework that optimizes the resource utilization required to elevate an interstellar civilization to a Type III status, focusing on maximization of energy production and computation. Numerical simulations were…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 92

Forecasting the progression of human civilization on the Kardashev Scale through 2060 with a machine learning approach.. Energy has been propelling the development of human civilization for millennia. Humanity presently stands at Type 0.7276 on the Kardashev Scale, which was proposed to quantify the relationship between energy consumption and the development of civilizations. However, current predictions of human civilization remain underdeveloped and energy consumption models are oversimplified. In order to improve the precision of the prediction, we use machine learning models random forest and autoregressive integrated moving average to simulate and predict energy consumption on a global…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

A planetary civilization or global civilization is a civilization of Type I on the Kardashev scale. This type of civilization is likely to be reliant on renewable energy sources such as stellar power, as well as powerful non-renewable sources such as nuclear fusion. A Type I civilization's energy consumption level is roughly equivalent to the solar insolation on Earth (between 1016 and 1017 watts) – around 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of contemporary humanity (around 2×1013 as of 2020).

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Bioinformation and Neutrino Communication.. Communications among civilizations may include self-descriptive bioinformation because pathogen dynamics exist in their astrobiology and astrovirology, which could become pathogenic upon actual contact. This information is of mutual benefit, if reciprocated. However, in contrast, the strategic counter-scenario of self-hidden civilizations is also discussed. Civilizations, including extra-terrestrial civilizations have been divided and stratified into three levels, using a wide non-linear logarithmic scale. The levels are based on their energy expenditures: level 1 is at 4x10 ^ 19 erg/sec; level 2 is at 4x10 ^ 33 erg/sec; and level 3 is at 4x10 ^ 4…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 88

The reflex instability: exponential growth of a large-scale m = 1 mode in astrophysical discs. We report the finding of a linear, non-axisymmetric, global instability in gas discs around stars (and which may be relevant to other astrophysical discs). It takes the form of an m=1 mode that grows in the disc density distribution while the star-barycentre distance rises exponentially with a characteristic timescale that is orders of magnitude longer than the orbital period, but potentially shorter than a protoplanetary disc lifetime. Hydrodynamical simulations with various codes and numerical methods all consistently show an unstable mode growing exponentially. A feedback loop is identified as…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Nikolai Semyonovich Kardashev (25 April 1932 – 3 August 2019) was a Soviet and Russian astrophysicist best known for the Kardashev scale, which measures a civilization's status in technological evolution based on the amount of energy it is capable of harnessing and using. He was also the deputy director of the Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.