Ciekawostka: 15 million blood cells are destroyed in the human body every second

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The effects of spaceflight on the human body are complex and largely harmful over both short and long term. Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions, decreased production of red blood cells (space anemia), balance disorders, eyesight disorders and changes in the immune system. Additional symptoms include fluid redistribution (causing the "moon-face" appearance typical in pictures of astronauts experiencing weightlessness), loss of body mass, nasal congestion, sleep disturbance, and excess flatulence. A 2024 assessmen…

Evidence: 31 • authority: 80

Spot Forming Units Per Million Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Evidence: 31 • authority: 80

Mapping every protein in the human body

Evidence: 31 • authority: 92

Cell-Based Therapies for Cardiac and Vascular Regeneration in Cardiovascular Disease: Recent Advances, Translational Barriers, and Future Directions.. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the foremost cause of death globally, responsible for 19.2 million deaths and 437 million disability-adjusted life years in 2023, with prevalent cases having more than doubled since 1990. No approved therapy restores myocardium lost to infarction. The adult heart replaces cardiomyocytes at approximately 1% per year in young adults, declining to about 0.45% per year with ageing, far below what is needed to recover the more than one billion cells destroyed by a large myocardial infarction. Cell-based regene…

Evidence: 31 • authority: 72

Blood is a specialized form of connective tissue and body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood is composed of blood cells suspended in plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, and hormones. The blood cells are mainly red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and (in mammals) platelets (thrombocytes). The most abundant cells are red blood cells. These contain hemoglobin, which facilitates oxy…

Evidence: — • authority: 35